Habitação social na região central: reabilitação de edifícios ociosos e deteriorado

Abstract

Social location has never been a priority in the Brazilian public administration. Access to housing almost always occurred through access to property, purchase of property, financing of “own house” in popular parlance. This may be an initial difficulty, imposed by the gender policies themselves, by excluding the location of their main objectives. Nascimento (2016) mentions the MCMV, whose hegemony interfered with housing provision aimed at low-income and limited other paths and alternatives. On the one hand, this asset is acquired through the purchase of the property. On the other hand, the development of historical Brazilian political-economic relations points to huge contradictions in access to property (FERREIRA, 2005). Therefore, urban land was almost always inaccessible to population groups with fewer resources, that is, the poor had insurmountable difficulties in accessing housing, at least access to housing provided by the formal real estate market or by public housing policies. This helps to explain the tens of millions of families who precariously build their homes themselves, in slums, for example. - *** - The rehabilitation of idle and deteriorated buildings and their conversion into housing of social interest is a housing policy that changes the terms of a hegemonic provision in recent decades, which was implemented through the construction of large, standardized housing complexes located in poor outskirts. On the other hand, in the context of the experience studied here, there is an inversion: rehabilitation of existing buildings instead of construction of new ones. These properties are deteriorated over time, but also due to idleness or abandonment by their respective owners, and are located in consolidated central regions. Three main dimensions were identified that underlie this rehabilitation and establish parameters for government programs. The success of such a public policy would be obtained when the managers involved formulate actions based on these dimensions: (1) SOCIAL; (2) ARCHITECTURAL; (3) CONSTRUCTIVE. These three aspects scale the complexity of the topic. It should be noted that the intention here is not to exhaust these issues, but to present them, relate them and bring them closer to rehabilitation.