Avaliação da viabilidade e eficiência das geotecnologias para monitoramento e estudo da vulnerabilidade em bacia hidrográfica

Abstract

This study is based on the watershed of Environmental Preservation Area (EPA) of Guariroba, which has five major water courses and the predominant vegetation is the Brazilian interior lato sensu. To identify the best way of basin preservation and occupation, it is necessary to know their vulnerability. The proposal is to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of the geotechnology use for monitoring and study of environmental vulnerability in the watershed. Through the crossing of geology topics, use and soil occupation, slope and soil type were drawn up the chart of vulnerability for each subject. Through the SIG database and overlay operation, the themes were overlaid in order to construct the final chart of environmental vulnerability; the attribution of weights was based on the algebra maps application. As a result, it was found that the EPA's Guariroba environmental vulnerability predominant is 99.17% vulnerable, distributed as: low to medium, 11.74%, medium, 35.30% and high 52.13%; the achieved environmental vulnerability results combine with the field reality. The geotechnology is feasible for accuracy and ease identification of degraded areas with difficult access by lower costs, for the speed of the results and the need for constant soils monitoring, reserves, riparian forests, the quality of surface water and reservoirs. A geotechnology also showed that it is possible to obtain these data and still maintain the history of the area as a parameter for local development actions and sustainable occupation, allowing geographic information of the areas being available to those who seek to better manage the watershed. We conclude that approximately 87.43% of watershed characteristics is Moderately Stable Vulnerable and Moderately Vulnerable.