Comparação da Integração da Geração Distribuída nos Sistemas Elétricos do Brasil e da Europa

Abstract

Distributed generation has established itself as a transformative element of contemporary electrical systems, challenging traditional centralized models and demanding significant technical and regulatory adaptations. This work conducts a comparative analysis of the integration of distributed generation into the electrical systems of Brazil and Europe, examining three interconnected dimensions: regulatory evolution, implemented technical adaptations, and projected future scenarios for both contexts. On the regulatory front, the study contrasts the Brazilian legal framework, based on Regulatory Norm 482 of 2012 and updated by Law 14,300 of 2022, with European guidelines that encourage decentralization and active consumer participation. On the technical dimension, the research evaluates how grid operators on both continents have managed operational challenges arising from intermittency and bidirectional power flows, including investments in smart grids, storage systems, and forecasting tools. Through a methodology based on documentary analysis, literature review, and study of distributed generation penetration indicators, the work identifies patterns, contrasts, and lessons learned in both realities. The results elucidate the distinct paths adopted by each region, demonstrating how public policies, market models, and technological innovation articulate to enable the energy transition. Finally, the study proposes future scenarios and contextualized strategic recommendations for Brazil, using European experiences as a reference to identify improvement opportunities and adaptations to the national reality, aiming to accelerate the secure, efficient, and democratized integration of distributed generation into the Brazilian electrical matrix. The research contributes significantly to the academic and technical debate about the future of electrical systems in the era of distributed renewable energy.