VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Abstract

Obstetric violence (OB) is a public health problem in Brazil, characterized by abusive and disrespectful practices during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. This phenomenon reflects structural and institutional inequalities, being more prevalent among black women, low-income and with less access to quality health services. The objective of this research was to analyze OW in Brazil, from 2019 to 2024, through an integral review of the literature, identifying its determinant factors, impacts, and coping strategies. For this, the PRISMA, COREQ and STROBE guidelines were used. The methodology adopted allowed a rigorous and systematic analysis of 28 studies selected from databases (SciELO, LILACS, BDENF and PubMed). The COREQ checklist was used to assess the quality of qualitative studies, highlighting issues such as the experience of black and LGBTQIA+ women in obstetric contexts. The STROBE checklist was applied to quantitative studies to ensure methodological rigor in the analysis of prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes. The results showed that oral examination is directly associated with the excessive medicalization of childbirth, the lack of informed consent, and the hierarchization of relationships between health professionals and patients. The persistence of the biomedical model in obstetric care compromises female autonomy, reinforcing unnecessary interventionist practices. To mitigate this problem, it is essential to adopt public policies that promote a break with the hegemonic biomedical model and the transition to a biopsychosocial approach, valuing women's protagonism and respecting their reproductive rights. In addition, the training of health professionals must be reformulated to include continuous training in humanized practices, bioethics and nonviolent communication. It is concluded that, despite advances in public policies, such as the Stork Network, there are still significant challenges to ensure equitable and humanized obstetric care in Brazil.