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Impactos farmacogenéticos de polimorfismos do sistema endocanabinoide em pacientes com esquizofrenia

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Impactos farmacogenéticos de polimorfismos do sistema endocanabinoide em pacientes com esquizofrenia Abstract: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic and highly debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 24 million people worldwide, including 1.6 million in Brazil. Therefore, it has a significant economic impact. Among patients, 34% constitute a group that does not respond well to conventional antipsychotics, individuals with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). In these cases, the gold-standard treatment is clozapine (CLZ), even though it is often underutilized. The pathophysiology of SCZ, as well as its causes, is not fully elucidated and remains under study. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been identified as a mediator of the stress and inflammation that occur in SCZ, as well as in other psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms in ECS genes and the use of CLZ in patients with SCZ, as an indicator of TRS. We evaluated Ninety-five patients followed up in a specialized outpatient clinic, diagnosed with SCZ and using antipsychotics. Clinical and sociodemographic data were obtained, and symptomatic severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Peripheral blood samples were used for genotyping of the rs7766029 (CNR1), rs35761398 (CNR2), and rs324420 (FAAH) polymorphisms by real-time PCR with TaqMan™ probes. Genotypes were compared between users (n=12) and non-users of CLZ (n=83) using association and logistic regression tests. There was an association between the CNR1 or CNR2 polymorphisms and CLZ use in a recessive inheritance pattern (p < 0.05). In an adjusted logistic regression model, the homozygous mutant genotype of CNR1 (CC) was associated with an increased chance of using CLZ (OR = 11.5; p = 0.001; 95% CI: 2.81 - 47.39), as well as a trend towards increased use in the homozygous mutant genotype of CNR2 (OR = 3.55; p = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.85 - 14.77). The FAAH polymorphism did not show a significant association. Despite sample limitations and the absence of functional analyses, the findings suggest that variants in SEC genes may be related to treatment refractoriness in SCZ, reinforcing the potential of this system as a target for personalized therapeutic approaches. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

COMPOSIÇÃO TAXONÔMICA DA AVIFAUNA COMO INDICADORA DE REGENERAÇÃO EM UMA ÁREA DE CERRADO DEGRADADO EM TRÊS LAGOAS, MS

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: COMPOSIÇÃO TAXONÔMICA DA AVIFAUNA COMO INDICADORA DE REGENERAÇÃO EM UMA ÁREA DE CERRADO DEGRADADO EM TRÊS LAGOAS, MS Abstract: Birds are bioindicators of degraded areas due to their easy access; however, few studies evaluate this parameter in Cerrado areas. Therefore, we analyzed the role of avifauna in indicating ecological restoration by associating its taxonomic composition with a regenerating Cerrado area and comparing it with preserved local Cerrado phytophysiognomies (cerradão, cerrado stricto sensu, várzea, and riparian forest) during dry and rainy seasons. The avifauna composition in the recovering Cerrado at the beginning of the regeneration process showed high similarity to the várzea, due to structural similarities, while the other phytophysiognomies remained dissimilar to these two environments. After 12 years, the previously degraded Cerrado shows signs of regeneration, evidenced by the divergence in the taxonomic composition of the avifauna in the recovering Cerrado compared to open areas and greater similarity to more forested environments, although it has not yet reached its climax. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

INFORMAÇÕES NA MÍDIA REFERENTES A ACIDENTES COM PIRANHAS (CHARACIFORMES, SERRASALMIDAE) NA BACIA DO ALTO RIO PARANÁ

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: INFORMAÇÕES NA MÍDIA REFERENTES A ACIDENTES COM PIRANHAS (CHARACIFORMES, SERRASALMIDAE) NA BACIA DO ALTO RIO PARANÁ Abstract: Accidents involving freshwater fish are frequent in Brazil, especially in riverside regions with increased fishing activity. Among the river species associated with accidents, piranhas stand out, both for the frequency of accidents and the severity of the injuries caused. This study investigated the occurrence of accidents involving piranhas in the upper Paraná River basin, with the aim of identifying the species involved, the body areas affected, the locations of occurrence, and the environmental factors associated with the incidents. Accident occurrences were analyzed based on news published in online newspapers, using expressions such as "piranha accidents" and "piranha attacks" and "upper Paraná" as search terms, filtering only those referring to the region and that actually involved piranhas. A total of 24 occurrences were recorded between 2002 and 2025, especially on beaches and public bathing areas, involving 253 injured people. The species associated with the accidents were Serrasalmus marginatus (white piranha) and Serrasalmus maculatus (yellow piranha), both known for their active defense of nests and offspring during the reproductive period, which coincides with the warmer months and periods of greatest tourist activity on the banks of rivers and reservoirs. The most affected body parts were feet and legs, and most of those injured sought medical help. The results demonstrate that the accidents are strongly related to certain environmental conditions, such as the rainy season, the presence of aquatic vegetation, and calm marginal areas, conditions very common in dammed environments. The most likely causes include the invasion of breeding areas by bathers, the consumption of food in the water, the use of bait in bathing areas, and environmental changes caused by hydroelectric reservoirs. Preventive measures, such as the removal of aquatic macrophytes and the installation of protective nets in recreational areas, constant monitoring of the environment, and awareness campaigns for tourists and local communities, can help prevent and reduce these events and promote a safer and more sustainable coexistence between the human population and the regional aquatic fauna. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

CHIRONOMIDAE: COMPOSIÇÃO E ALTERAÇÕES MORFOLÓGICAS NO MENTO ASSOCIADAS ÀS VARIÁVEIS AMBIENTAIS AO LONGO DE UM GRADIENTE LONGITUDINAL EM RIACHOS DO CERRADO

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: CHIRONOMIDAE: COMPOSIÇÃO E ALTERAÇÕES MORFOLÓGICAS NO MENTO ASSOCIADAS ÀS VARIÁVEIS AMBIENTAIS AO LONGO DE UM GRADIENTE LONGITUDINAL EM RIACHOS DO CERRADO Abstract: Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the Chironomidae assemblage in streams distributed along a longitudinal gradient of a watershed. Methods: The study was conducted in 15 streams distributed in the upper, middle, and lower zones of the Sucuriú River watershed, located in Mato Grosso do Sul. Organisms were collected using a D-net. The organisms were collected and fixed in 70% alcohol and identified to the genus level. Environmental variation (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, phosphorus, ammonia, cadmium, and zinc) between zones was analyzed by PCA, while differences in abundance and richness of genera were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey HSD test. The relationships between environmental variables and genera with deformities were analyzed by Spearman correlation. Results: The composition of the Chironomidae family assemblage varied along the longitudinal gradient. Alkalinity, temperature, and electrical conductivity were higher in streams from the middle and lower zones, while dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity values were higher in streams from the upper zone. The incidence of deformities in the Chironomidae chin showed an association with cadmium and zinc concentrations in the water and with alkalinity. The incidence of deformities in the genus Rheotanytarsus correlated positively with zinc (rS = 0.62; p = 0.01), Cricotopus with cadmium (rS = 0.56; p = 0.02), while Polypedilum showed a negative correlation with zinc and alkalinity (rS = 0.55; p = 0.03). Conclusion:It is concluded that the composition of the Chironomidae family assemblage and the incidence of ment deformities were directly associated with alkalinity and the concentrations of cadmium and zinc. Therefore, the genera Cricotopus and Rheotanytarsus demonstrated their potential use as indicators of environmental quality. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso