https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/2468 Sat, 11 Apr 2026 02:37:28 GMT 2026-04-11T02:37:28Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/9268 Título: AVALIAÇÃO DE CEPAS BACTERIANAS DE Bacillus PARA PROMOÇÃO DE CRESCIMENTO VEGETAL EM DUAS CULTIVARES DE ALGODÃO Abstract: The search for and understanding of the functions of rhizobacteria that promote plant growth and have the potential for biocontrol has become increasingly frequent due to the need for more sustainable agriculture, with less use of chemical inputs and which generates greater productivity. Cotton is a crop that requires a supply of nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that must be available in the soil for better cotton fiber quality. Furthermore, there is a need to use chemical pesticides to control diseases found in this crop. Although cotton farming is of great economic importance for the country, its production cost is quite high. The present work aims to isolate bacteria of the genus Bacillus from cotton and evaluate the plant growth promotion parameters by the isolates found in the species, as well as observe the potential of the isolates to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic cotton fungi. Cotton root samples were used to isolate the bacteria. The isolation method used was pasteurization, which selects endospore-producing isolates. The bacterial isolates were incubated in Nutrient Agar medium, in which they were subcultured and purified for subsequent storage and evaluation of plant growth promotion characteristics. 54 bacterial isolates were obtained, and 46 were sequencing, these 43 of which were Bacillus tested for calcium phosphate solubilization, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) production, CMCase (carboxymethylcellulase) activity, and siderophore production. The bacterial isolates obtained were subjected to in vitro confrontation tests to verify their potential to inhibit the growth of cotton phytopathogens. The halos around the bacterial colonies were measured and then the inhibition rates, in percentage, were calculated. From the biochemical tests to promote plant growth, bacterial isolates were selected that showed better performance for the in vivo test in a greenhouse with the cotton cultivars FM 985 and TMG 47. The treatments were carried out using 1 mL (108 CFU/mL) of bacterial strain culture and a commercial inoculant as control, with nine replicates used for each treatment, observed for 110 days. In the experiment, the plants were evaluated for morphological, phytochemical, and macronutrient parameters. Considering the morphological parameters, there was a positive relationship between the cultivars and the treatments made with bacteria, with an increase in height, fresh mass of the aerial part, dry mass of fruits and roots, volume and length of the root, and number of leaves. Regarding phytochemical parameters, improvements were observed in the concentrations of total sugars, ascorbate peroxidase, phenolic compounds, free amino acids, total sugar, chlorophyll A, reducing sugars, flavonoids, catalase, and chlorophyll B. The bacterial isolates showed potential in inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic fungi Corynespora cassiicola and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, with rates of up to 71.89% inhibition of fungal growth. Through the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the isolates have characteristics that promote plant growth, highlighting the P6T32B7 isolate that obtained the best results in tests carried out on the plant, showing potential for future tests to be carried out in the field. This isolate has the potential for future field testing and possible product formulation. Tipo: Tese Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/9268 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/8966 Título: Desvendando o microbioma bacteriano de Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiopsida) e Dirinaria (Caliciaceae, Ascomycota liquenizados) Abstract: With the advancement of cultivation-independent techniques, it has become possible to conduct metagenomic analyses of microbial communities in various environments. Metagenomics involves the total extraction of DNA from an environment, allowing for analyses of microbial community diversity, functional potential, and taxonomy. Any organism can be studied through metagenomics, with the aim of understanding the bacterial community, its metabolites, and functions. Plants of the genus Selaginella are known for their unique structural classes of natural products and their wide range of biological effects. They are extensively studied in pharmacology due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, lignins, and selagelin analogs. Lichenized fungi are known for their symbiotic properties and the production of secondary metabolites, used as bioindicators of air quality. Despite the biotechnological potential of these two groups of organisms, little is known about the bacterial associations and their functions in Selaginella plants and lichenized fungi. This work aims to generate and discuss information about the composition, richness, and abundance of bacteria associated with two species of Selaginella (Lycopodiopsida, Selaginellaceae) and two species of lichenized fungi of the genus Dirinaria (Lecanoromycetes, Caliciaceae). To this end, populations from rural (Selaginella) and urban (Dirinaria) areas of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, were selected. Metagenomic data were generated using the Ion Torrent platform (Gene Studio S5) and analyzed for diversity using the Qiime 2 program. The main bacterial phyla found in both species of Selaginella were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Chloroflexi, with the main representatives at the family level being Kouleothrixaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae. Root samples exhibited higher diversity indices compared to leaves, with Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobia being more prevalent in roots, while Cyanobacteria were predominantly found in leaves. No significant variations were observed when examining the same organ across different Selaginella species. For Dirinaria analyses, the bacterial community composition between the two species was marked by the prevalence of four phyla: Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Actinobacteria. Additionally, bacterial populations residing on lichen thalli exhibited variance from those found on the substrate, suggesting a selective mechanism by the lichen for specific bacteria, presumably essential for its well-being and functionality. Tipo: Tese Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/8966 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/8315 Título: O gênero Stereocaulon (Schreb.) Hoffm. (Ascomycota liquenizados, Stereocaulaceae) em altas montanhas e altas latitudes na América do Sul e na Antártica Abstract: Stereocaulon (Schreb) Hoffm. is a tripartite genus of lichens: the thallus results from the symbiotic association between an Ascomycota fungus, a green algae and a cyanobacteria. There are around 150 species accepted worldwide, and their distribution is cosmopolitan, although most species have a certain preference for regions of high altitudes and latitudes. The dimorphic thallus of Stereocaulon is easily recognizable in the field, but species identification is not an easy task. The high intraspecific phenotypic variability is little discussed in studies and can lead to erroneous identifications. In Antarctica and South America, the studies are scarce; most of the work evaluating the taxonomy and systematics of the genus is based mainly on specimens from Europe, North America and Asia. With the aim of contributing to the understanding of the taxonomy and systematics of Stereocaulon from specimens from the southern hemisphere, in this study, morphological, chemical and molecular analyzes were carried out on species found in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia (Argentina and Chile), in Antarctica, in the campos de altitude of Brazil and the Andean Paramos of Colombia. In total, 920 Stereocaulon specimens were examined. For each species we present information about their morphology, anatomy and chemical composition. We also generated 332 new sequences of the nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (nuITS) and 97 new sequences of the gene encoding the protein beta tubulin (β-tubulin) for mycobionts, and five new sequences of the gene encoding the actin I protein (ACT1) and ten of the region 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) for the chlorobiont and cyanobiont of S. alpinum, respectively, totaling 444 new sequences generated. Were identified 22 species of Stereocaulon, seven for the high latitudes of southern South America in Argentina and Chile, three for Antarctica, four for the campos de altitude of Brazil and 17 for the Andean Paramos of Colombia. Stereocaulon alpinum was characterized, described and confirmed as a bipolar species. For the campos de altitude in Brazil, S. vesuvianum represents a new record for the Brazilian territory. In this study, we realized that in some cases, the descriptions found in the literature do not cover or reflect the morphological variability found in the species. Therefore, meticulous and detailed descriptions of the morphology, anatomy and chemistry of the species are of great importance for the circumscription of each species, which is reflected and confirmed in molecular analyses. Molecular tools are essential to carry out integrative analyzes that allow a better understanding of the systematics of the genus. Key words: dimorphic thallus, phylogeny, symbioses, taxonomy. Tipo: Tese Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/8315 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/8299 Título: TAXONOMIA INTEGRATIVA EM LIQUENS PARMELIOIDES (PARMELIACEAE) DO BRASIL Abstract: Lichenized fungi comprise different organisms functioning as a self-sustaining ecosystem, a complex form of beneficial mutualistic life between fungi, green algae, and/or cyanobacteria, in addition to other microorganisms. They have more than 19 thousand known species, with Parmeliaceae the most diverse, and divided into two subfamilies: Protoparmelioideae and Parmelioideae. The latter is still informally subdivided into seven clades, with the Parmelioid clade having predominantly foliose representatives, accounting for around 67% of the family’s diversity. For many years, lichens have been identified based only on morphological characteristics, but with molecular advances, new tools for identifying these organisms gained space, such as the use of DNA barcoding, and more currently its association with integrative taxonomy. This approach aims to use different data sources for specific identification or delimitation and has presented the best results among the most current studies. Thus, our study aims to use an integrative approach and DNA barcoding (based on the nuITS marker) in species of the Parmelioid clade of Parmeliaceae from some localities in Brazil. In the first chapter, we combined two species Canoparmelia amazonica and Myelochroa lindmanii into Parmelinella. We confirmed the positioning of these species through molecular phylogeny (nuITS), thus proposing the combination of both under the genus Parmelinella. In addition, we also provide morphological and chemical descriptions and images, subsidizing the new classification. In the second article, we propose Hypotrachyna neohorrescens as a new species (subgenus Parmelinopsis). Hypotrachyna neohorrescens was closely related to H. mcmulliniana, but with low resolution using only the nuITS marker. The phylogenetic distinction of both was possible only with concatenated markers (nuITS+mtSSU). Morphologically, both species also present subtle differences. Moreover, we did not find morphological or chemical differences between Hypotrachyna neohorrescens and H. horrescens, but genetically, they present high divergences, thus being considered cryptic species. In the third and final chapter, we carried out the integrative identification of 90 specimens of lichens. Initially, we identified based on morphology, finding 39 morphospecies. Then molecular identification was carried out through DNA barcoding (nuITS marker), using BLASTn to verify the species closest to the study sequences and later we reconstructed the phylogenies by genus and used as homonymous sequences those available in the public database – GenBank. Based on the results of the three approaches (DNA barcoding, BLASTn analysis, and phylogeny), Among the 39 morphospecies, 22 contained homonymous sequences, i.e., sequences with the same name in the GenBank database. However, the phylogeny results show that 20 of these morphospecies grouped with sequences of the same identity, while 10 also presented distinct species in the same clade. Among the 17 morphospecies without homonymous sequences, only six were genetically distinct from the other sequences in GenBank, while the others showed some incongruity between the approaches. We found at least 22 cases of possible species complexes in our data, which were not resolved using only the nuITS marker. Our results corroborate recent studies that have already highlighted the lack of resolution of the nuITS marker in species complexes. Thus, making the task of using only DNA barcoding as a specific identification tool even more challenging. Tipo: Tese Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/8299 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z