https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/6199 2026-04-13T11:57:47Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/14287 Título: Limitações do teste de triagem de susceptibilidade a antifúngicos azóis em isolados ambientais de Aspergillus fumigatus Abstract: Fungi of the genus Aspergillus are considered cosmopolitan and are associated with aspergillosis, infections that primarily affect immunocompromised individuals, representing a significant clinical and epidemiological challenge. The diagnosis of these infections involves host factors, clinical aspects, and laboratory findings, with treatment based on the use of triazole antifungals such as voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) recommends screening tests as preliminary tools to identify possible fungal resistance, given that Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) requires often unavailable supplies. Therefore, this study evaluated the agreement between the screening test standardized by EUCAST and AFST results in 234 environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus. The isolates were subjected to the screening test with itraconazole (4 mg/L), voriconazole (2 mg/L), and posaconazole (0.5 mg/L) and subsequently to AFST with the same antifungals at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 16 mg/L. Data were analyzed using McNemar's test (significance level of 5%). The results demonstrated a significant difference in the proportions of resistance and susceptibility between the two methods for itraconazole (X² = 5.297; p = 0.021) and voriconazole (X² = 8.522; p = 0.003). For posaconazole, there was no statistically significant difference (X² = 0.063; p = 0.804). It is concluded, therefore, that the EUCAST screening protocol, validated for clinical samples, does not demonstrate the same efficacy for environmental isolates, highlighting the need to develop specific protocols for this type of sample. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/14286 Título: Detecção do gene blaKPC em Pseudomonas aeruginosa em isolados clínicos provenientes de hospitais em Campo Grande - MS Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa constitutes a major public health problem due to its high resistance levels. The dissemination of carbapenemases, such as the KPC enzyme, has contributed to this resistance. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the blaKPC gene in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from two hospitals in Campo Grande, MS. Twenty samples, previously identified and classified as carbapenem-resistant by phenotypic methods, were analyzed. Gene detection was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by the visualization of amplified products on agarose gel. Among the evaluated isolates, 11 (55%) tested positive for blaKPC, equally distributed between the participating hospitals. The observed frequency demonstrates a relevant circulation of KPC-producing strains in the studied region, serving as an alert for local healthcare services. These findings reinforce the need for continuous microbiological surveillance, the rational use of antimicrobials, and the implementation of effective infection prevention and control measures. Furthermore, the absence of blaKPC in a portion of the samples suggests the possible involvement of other resistance mechanisms, highlighting the importance of further studies investigating different carbapenemases and the regional epidemiology of P. aeruginosa. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/14124 Título: Metabarcoding como ferramenta de detecção de comunidades bacterianas de solos associados a Bromelia balansae de bancadas lateríticas (cangas) de Corumbá, MS Abstract: The Pantanal is a rich biome, encompassing a diversity of organisms and landscapes. Among them, the lateritic benches (“cangas”) are ferruginous outcrops where a rich, unknown, and threatened bacteriome can be observed, with studies demonstrating the need to delve deeper into this subject. In this context, using metabarcoding techniques and 16S rDNA gene analysis, this work seeks to characterize bacterial communities found in soil associated with Bromelia balansae from “cangas” in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul. Ten soil samples containing environmental DNA (eDNA) were collected from five different locations in lateritic bench areas located in the municipality of Corumbá, in western Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: Monjolinho Farm, São João Farm, Vale do Paraíso Farm, and Piraputangas I and II Municipal Parks. Soil samples were collected at two distinct times, during the dry season in June 2022 (n = 6) and during the rainy season in January 2023 (n = 4). The 5 most abundant phyla were, respectively: Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobiota. The most abundant genera were, respectively: Udaeobacter (Verrucomicrobiota), Bryobacter (Acidobacteriota), Conexibacter (Actinobacteriota), RB41 (Acidobacteria), and HSB OF53-F07 (Chloroflexi). The microbial diversity found is consistent with previous studies on Cerrado and Pantanal soils, resulting from changes in pH and organic matter in the rhizosphere, caused by the physicochemical changes brought about by the dry and rainy seasons, the annual cycles of flooding and fires, particularities of the Pantanal biome. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/14120 Título: Implementação de teste para a Monoamina oxidase B e atividade inibitória de composto indólicos em comparação com a acetilcolinesterase Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s are associated with neurotransmitter degradation and increased oxidative stress, processes mainly mediated by the enzymes monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Selective inhibition of these enzymes is a promising strategy for the development of new neuroprotective drugs. This study aimed to implement a spectrophotometric assay for MAO-B evaluation and to investigate the inhibitory activity of nine indole chalcones synthesized through aldol condensation between 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde and para-substituted ketones. Brain samples from Rattus norvegicus were used to obtain the enzymatic fraction, according to a protocol approved by the CEUA (No. 1.212/2022). MAO-B activity was determined following the method of Vinel et al. (2021), using benzylamine and DNPH as substrate and colorimetric reagent, respectively, while AChE inhibition was evaluated according to the Ellman method modified by Dingova et al. (2014). The results revealed greater selectivity of the chalcones toward MAO-B, with compounds 3c (p-F), 3f (p-OH), and 3g (p-OCH3) standing out, presenting IC50 values of 36.01 ± 10.5 µM, 47.81 ± 19.76 µM, and 69.74 ± 14.54 µM, respectively. For AChE, IC₅₀ values were higher than 230 µM. Therefore, indole chalcones exhibit significant selectivity for MAO-B, representing a promising class of inhibitors with potential palliative therapeutic applications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z