https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/4466 2026-07-22T12:33:26Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/14652 Título: O Empirismo de John Locke como fundamento do Conhecimento Abstract: This Undergraduate Thesis aims to present the epistemological foundations of the empiricism developed by the English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). In his investigations, Locke sought to understand how knowledge originates in the human mind, what processes the mind performs internally, and how simple ideas perceived through the senses are transformed into complex ideas, thereby providing the human mind with every form of knowledge. The objective of this study is to understand the reasoning that led Locke to defend the thesis that human beings are not born with any kind of innate knowledge and that all knowledge originates exclusively from experiences conveyed through the senses. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/14624 Título: A falibilidade dos sentidos e a fundamentação racional do conhecimento em Descartes Abstract: This study aims to analyze the critique of René Descartes regarding sensory evidence as a foundation for the acquisition of knowledge, highlighting its importance for the constitution of modern rationalism. Situated within the context of modern philosophy, Cartesian thought seeks to establish a secure and indubitable criterion for knowledge, in opposition to reliance on the senses, which are considered potential sources of error. To this end, the philosopher develops the method of hyperbolic doubt, through which all beliefs are called into question, especially those derived from sensory experience. From this procedure, Descartes identifies in thought the first indubitable truth, expressed in the principle of the cogito, ergo sum, establishing reason as the foundation of knowledge. This research, of a bibliographic nature, is based on the analysis of the author's central works, such as the Discourse on the Method and the Meditations on First Philosophy, as well as relevant commentators. Therefore, the objective is to present and understand how the critique of sensory evidence contributes to the valorization of reason and to the consolidation of a new epistemological paradigm in modernity. It is concluded that the Cartesian project inaugurates a new way of thinking about knowledge by shifting its foundation from experience to rationality. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/14467 Título: Um breve percurso das diversas representações do mal na história da filosofia. Abstract: This final project investigates the diverse images of evil throughout the history of philosophy, highlighting its aesthetic and symbolic mutability within religious culture, through thought as a representation of religion. The research ranges from mythical and Eastern origins, such as Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism, through the Judeo-Christian tradition and its biblical interpretations, to the devil's protagonism in the Middle Ages and even questions about his figure in modern times, including the Church and its use of fear as an instrument of social and spiritual manipulation. It also analyzes the transition from the Renaissance, which gave evil comic and critical aspects, to Romanticism, which redefined it as a symbol of freedom and rebellion. The Enlightenment and modern philosophy, notably Thomas Hobbes, shifted the notion of evil from a metaphysical entity to a human and social dimension, linked to conflict and political contract. In contemporary times, with the thinking of Umberto Eco and the expansion of the cultural industry, evil is also understood as a commodity present in various media and consumer products. It follows that evil is not a fixed entity, but a symbolic construct that adapts to the cultural, philosophical, and political demands of each era, remaining a key to interpreting human experience. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/14365 Título: Dois ensaios sobre a transformação do dinheiro em capital em Marx Abstract: O presente trabalho analisa o problema da transformação do dinheiro em capital, ou a passagem, no âmbito da exposição materialista, da esfera de circulação para a esfera de produção no primeiro livro de O Capital de Karl Marx. Nossa hipótese é que, durante a redação do Urtext, Marx percebeu uma deficiência teórica na transição do dinheiro ao capital, a saber, apenas representada como D–M–D’, a especificidade histórica do modo de produção capitalista não era apreendida. Somente no capítulo IV Marx encontrou uma exposição capaz de dar conta dessa exigência. Aqui, o autor alemão proposital e repetidamente esbarrada na seguinte aporia: como produzir mais-valor a partir da troca de equivalentes? Essas são as “Contradições da fórmula geral”, cuja primeira elaboração remonta aos Manuscritos de 1861-3, quando Marx, após abandonar a redação do manuscrito de 1858, dedicou-se a novos estudos vinculados ao tema do capital. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z