DSpace Coleção:
https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/2492
2024-03-29T13:13:37ZANÁLISE DO USO DO SOLO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO AVIAÇÃO EM BRASILÂNDIA-MS, BRASIL
https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/7241
Título: ANÁLISE DO USO DO SOLO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO AVIAÇÃO EM BRASILÂNDIA-MS, BRASIL
Abstract: The focus of this work was to diagnose how land use and occupation can intervene in river basin areas, significantly altering the natural, physical, chemical and biological processes of natural river systems, since these sources integrate the various natural phenomena that occur in the area of these river basins. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze and evaluate the transformations of the different uses of land in a context of human intervention in the river environment and its surroundings with the help of Geographic Information System, geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques. For the morphological and morphometric characterization of the basin, the knowledge of Geomorphology applied by Christofoletti was used. To understand the study of land use and cover, the methodological procedures were based on digital processes through the interpretation of satellite images. The field work to collect the data proved the different uses of land interpreted by the images and desk work, as well as demonstrating that, directly or indirectly or through socioeconomic interests, human intervention causes changes in certain uses and coverage of the land. land, which generate serious environmental changes and economic activities aimed at production, such as monoculture, cause environmental imbalances and affect the river. Also, the study of basic water quality parameters demonstrated a lack of commitment to environmental legislation on water resources. The methodological proposal adopted proved to be efficient, since the research corroborated the understanding that human intervention in certain uses and soil covers in the Aviação stream watershed, highlighting pasture, sugar cane, housing and disposal of effluents directly into the watercourse without proper treatment caused changes in some water quality parameters in the Aviação stream.
Keywords: Geographic Information System, land use and cover, water quality parameters.
Tipo: Dissertação2023-01-01T00:00:00ZZONEAMENTO AMBIENTAL DINÂMICO PARA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA
https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/6782
Título: ZONEAMENTO AMBIENTAL DINÂMICO PARA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA
Abstract: The growing human pressure on natural resources in river basins has become a relevant and complex challenge in the field of environmental planning and management. To contribute in this direction, it is essential to adopt an approach that takes into account the dynamics of changes in land use and their effects on environmental fragility. Although several environmental zoning approaches have been developed, the lack of specific sound models for this application is still notable. In this context, the main objective of this work was to create a sound environmental zoning for the Rio Pântano Hydrographic Basin (BHRP) through the simulation of future scenarios of land use and coverage. The methodology was based on the combined approach of the hybrid CA-Markov/multi-criteria model and the RUSLE model. Additionally, the combined analysis of morphometric variables was used to evaluate environmental fragility models. The prediction of future scenarios was carried out based on use and coverage mappings from 1984, 2007, 2013 and 2020 to simulate 2030 and 2050 and support the construction of dynamic zoning. Initially, an environmental fragility model was developed based on the morphometric analysis of the river basin. For this, shape variables, compactness index, circularity index, variation density, hypsometric integral, roughness index, erosivity, erodibility and land use and cover calculated in fuzzy function values were used. The environmental fragility models generated are compared with kernel density values of erosive features applying the Local Moran index. For this purpose, they were compared to Ross's models (1994, 2012); Bacani et al. (2015); Moroz-Caccia Gouveia and Ross (2019) and a proposal developed from morphometric variables. To prepare the sound environmental zoning, the years 1984, 2007, 2013 and 2020 were mapped, with kappa statistics values of 0.865; 0.8874; 0.9024; 0.8400, respectively. The prediction of future scenarios was carried out for the years 2030 and 2050. The results of environmental fragility based on morphometric parameters revealed that the BHRP has the following degrees of fragility: very low (12% - 161.88 km²), low (15 .12% - 203.94 km²), medium (16.82% - 226.86 km²), high (21.68% - 292.42 km²) and very high (34.39% - 463.9 km²). Among the environmental fragility models analyzed, the one that used morphometric variables presented the best Local Moran value (r = 0.413), this being the entrepreneur in the environmental zoning proposal. From the application of the fragility model and RUSLE, an increase in environmental fragility and soil loss was noted between 1984 and 2007, a period in which BHRP underwent intense suppression of natural vegetation for the development of pasture areas. . From 2013 to 2050 there was a reduction in soil fragility and loss values, resulting in an increase in eucalyptus areas. However, this cultivation can cause different impacts in the medium and long term in environmental and social contexts. It is concluded that the dynamic environmental zoning model for the river basin proved to be advantageous in relation to the static model. This is due to the fact that the sound model allows predicting future scenarios and situations of great relevance for decision-making in environmental planning and management. The ability to anticipate and analyze changes in land use and their influence on environmental fragility offers advantages to managers and decision makers, allowing the adoption of proactive measures and more effective strategies to guarantee the environmental sustainability of the river basin.
Tipo: Tese2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"MODELAGEM PREDITIVA, AVALIAÇÃO E VALORAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS DE ESTOQUE E SEQUESTRO DE CARBONO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO BEBEDOURO, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL.
https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/6761
Título: "MODELAGEM PREDITIVA, AVALIAÇÃO E VALORAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS DE ESTOQUE E SEQUESTRO DE CARBONO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO BEBEDOURO, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL.
Abstract: Ecosystem services (ES) are defined as all the direct and indirect benefits that the human population obtains from nature. The economic system is heavily dependent on the flow of goods and services, which, with growing demand, increases pressure on natural resources, affecting the dynamic capacity of ecosystems to offer ecosystem services. Transformations in land use and coverage through the processes of converting native vegetation into agricultural production areas, intensify the exploitation of natural resources – the main drivers of environmental degradation, in a way that alters the flow of ecosystem services. The Cerrado biome is considered a biodiversity hotspot, it serves as a reservoir or “sponge”, which distributes water to other biomes, in addition to being the birthplace of springs in some of the largest basins in South America. The Cerrado provides comprehensive ecosystem services such as: water supply through surface runoff, groundwater recharge and atmospheric water vapor fluxes; storing large amounts of carbon in its forests, especially in the deep roots of trees; high biodiversity in order to offer resources to sustain the lives of family farmers. The State of Mato Grosso do Sul stands out in the policy of expanding agricultural areas, with a diversified production in agribusiness/agroindustry, supplying products such as sugar cane, corn, iron ore, cattle/meat, soybeans and emphasis on the production of paper and cellulose, which in turn has intensified the process of transformation in the landscape. The Cerrado biome is being threatened due to human activities, with emphasis on livestock, forestry and the reduction of native vegetation. Cerrado vegetation fragments constitute carbon sinks and play an important role in mitigating climate change. This occurs because, after being removed from the atmosphere, carbon accumulates in plants and soil. However, the conversion of savanna-forest formation to other types of use and coverage can release large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Thus, transformations in land use and cover are important factors that affect the provision of ecosystem services. The quantification, mapping and evaluation of these services play an essential role in strategies aimed at environmental conservation. The general objective of this thesis was to estimate the ecosystem services resulting from carbon stock and sequestration in current and conservationist change trend scenarios in the Córrego Bebedouro (MS) watershed, located between the municipalities of Três Lagoas and Selvíria (MS), where is the driving industry for the production of paper and cellulose. The methodology consisted of using remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques, through digital processing of images from Landsat 5/TM and Landsat 8/OLI sensors and use of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform in JavaScript language, using a classifier algorithm based on Random Forest (RF) decision tree. Spatio-temporal changes (1984, 2004, 2009, 2015 and 2021) in land use and cover were analyzed, and predictive modeling was used to estimate carbon sequestration in 2033 and 2051 in different scenarios. The following classes were defined: water, alluvial vegetation, savanna-forest formation, pasture, forestry and built areas. Supervised classification and identification of the main changes to land use and cover that occurred during the temporal analysis were carried out. To validate the classification, the ENVI software was used and the global accuracy and Kappa index were estimated, in addition to the ArcGIS software for editing and quantifying the classification. The data were correlated through cross-tabulation and area calculations. The results demonstrate that the RF algorithm was a satisfactory classifier with a Kappa index ranging from 0.88 (1984) to 0.96 (2021). There were changes in land use and coverage, primarily with the replacement of savanna-forest formation (Cerrado vegetation) for pasture and fragmentation of Cerrado areas. Subsequently, pasture areas were replaced by eucalyptus cultivation, with the vast majority of these areas destined for cellulose production. The historical projection for the BAU scenario indicates that 35% of the area (2033) and approximately 38% (2051) of the river basin area will be forestry. However, for the conservation scenario (PF), it points to a percentage increase in area in the alluvial vegetation class from 10.2% (2021) to 11.52% (2033) and 11.86% (2051). It is concluded that in the conservationist scenario the valuation of ecosystem services has twice the carbon sequestration, and consequently, gains in relation to the net present value of C when compared to the current trend scenario.
Tipo: Tese2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"A GEOECOLOGIA DA PAISAGEM COMO BASE PARA A ADEQUAÇÃO DE ZONAS DE AMORTECIMENTO EM MONUMENTOS NATURAIS E PARQUES NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL"
https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/6684
Título: "A GEOECOLOGIA DA PAISAGEM COMO BASE PARA A ADEQUAÇÃO DE ZONAS DE AMORTECIMENTO EM MONUMENTOS NATURAIS E PARQUES NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL"
Abstract: In the midst of intense changes in land use and land cover and impacts caused by human
activities, Conservation Units (CU) have consolidated themselves worldwide as one of the main
strategies for maintaining biodiversity and protecting aspects related to the landscape. This
dynamic has been evidenced in recent decades in the Cerrado biome, especially in the state of
Mato Grosso do Sul. Natural monuments, a category linked to the uniqueness of the landscape,
are fundamental in the protection of environmental, cultural and social values. In this context,
the main objective was to propose, based on the study of landscape units, an alternative for
delimiting and adapting the Buffer Zones (ZA) of the CU called Serra do Bom Jardim Natural
Monument (MNSBJ), Serra do Bom Sucesso Natural Monument (MNSBS) and Parque Natural
Templo dos Pilares (PNMTP), located in the upper Taquari watershed, in Mato Grosso and
Mato Grosso do Sul. The research was structured in seven articulated and complementary
stages, based on a main axis rooted in methodological procedures based on the Geoecology of
Landscapes to obtain a synthesis map of landscape units. Ordered and hierarchical physicalgeographical variables were used in a process of crossing and overlapping information in GIS.
Five first-level landscape units (localities), 14 second-level units (Comarcas) and 28 third-level
units (Subcomarcas) were identified. It derived from the classified landscape units indicators
of naturalness, uniqueness and diversity, in support of the proposed delimitation of the ZA, with
the support of already consolidated criteria for this purpose. The results obtained indicated that
the delimitation based on these indicators is satisfactory as it comprises areas with the potential
to coherently articulate the attributes that value Natural Monuments, in the same way that it
seeks to satisfy the lack and/or lack of coverage with headwaters of the Taquari river, it
incorporates areas of remarkable scenic beauty, integrates areas susceptible to negative impacts
and collaborates for the connectivity of the Emas-Taquari-Pantanal corridor.incorporates areas of remarkable scenic beauty, integrates areas susceptible to negative impacts
and collaborates for the connectivity of the Emas-Taquari-Pantanal corridor.
Tipo: Tese2023-01-01T00:00:00Z