https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/2470 2026-04-15T02:59:03Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/14273 Título: Análise químico-farmacêutica e avaliação da estabilidade de pimobendana em formas farmacêuticas diversas Abstract: Pimobendan (PMB) is used as a first-line treatment for heart failure, in combination with other drugs; however, it presents physicochemical characteristics that make its manipulation challenging. The developed and validated method followed the guidelines of RDC No. 166/2017 (ANVISA), the ICH Q2(R1) guideline, and Appendix F of AOAC International. The method demonstrated linearity over the range of 2.0–14.0 µg/mL (r > 0.999), with limits of detection and quantification determined at 0.12 µg/mL and 0.25 µg/mL, respectively. Precision showed a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 1.9%, and accuracy presented recoveries between 98.0–102.0%. A simple, rapid, and cost-effective UV/Vis spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the quantification of PMB in solid (capsules) and liquid (anhydrous oral solutions) pharmaceutical formulations. The analysis was performed using zero-order spectra, employing 0.1 mol/L HCl solution as the solvent and a maximum absorption wavelength at 329 nm. The method proved to be selective, robust against the evaluated deliberate variations, and fully applicable to the analysis of commercial samples, yielding consistent results in agreement with the labeled content. Therefore, the developed procedure meets regulatory requirements and is suitable for routine analyses in quality control laboratories. Tipo: Dissertação 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/12490 Título: Efeito antitrombótico e hepatoprotetor do óleo essencial de Levisticum officinale Abstract: Cardiovascular and liver diseases represent a major challenge for public health, making the search for new therapeutic agents crucial. Furthermore, the identification of new treatments for these conditions must be accompanied by toxicity tests to ensure safety and efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antithrombotic and hepatoprotective action of Levisticum officinale essential oil (EOLO) in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. EOLO obtained from leaves from Hungary to capture the vapor was subjected to chemical characterization by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study protocol was approved by the UFMS Ethics Committee (CAAE 57842022.2.0000.0021, approval no. 5.445.802). To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity activity, the trypan blue exclusion test was performed on platelets (in vitro) and systemic toxicity was developed by an in vivo model of Galleria mellonella larvae. The evaluation of theantithrombotic activity was determined by the platelet aggregation assay performed by turbidimetry, using adenosine (ADP) and epinephrine receptor agonists (EPI). Coagulation was determined by active prothrombin time (PT) and partially activated thromboplastin time (aPTT). Platelet activation was assessed by P-selectin expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content by flow cytometry and fluorescence, respectively. To evaluate hepatoprotective activity, experiments were performed with male Balb/c mice (6 weeks, 25 ± 2 g). Four animals were reserved to obtain neutrophils used in the chemotaxis assay. The study protocol was approved by the UFMS Animal Ethics Committee (CEUA/UFMS 1.243/2022). The remaining animals were allocated into six experimental groups (n= 8/group).Group I (NC) and group II (APAP) received saline, paracetamol dissolution vehicle (APAP) and EOLO. Group III was pretreated with silymarin (SLM-200 mg/kg). Groups IV-VI received EOLO at different doses (50, 200 and 400 mg/kg). After 7 days, groups II-VI received APAP (300 mg/kg). Twelve hours after APAP administration, the animals were euthanized and blood was collected for biochemical analysis of liver function (AST, ALT and γ-GT). The livers of the mice were extracted for histological evaluations as well as biomarkers of inflammation and hepatic oxidative stress (nitric oxide - ●NO, myeloperoxidase -MPO, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances–TBARS e reduced glutathione-GSH). Neutrophil chemotaxis assay was performed using a microchemotaxis plate at concentrations of 1 - 60 mg/mL of EOLO. Chemical characterization of EOLO showed the presence of monoterpenes, including α-terpinyl acetate, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, α-terpineol and (Z)-β-ocimene. EOLO demonstrated no toxicity in vitro and in vivo. EOLO resulted in platelet aggregation caused by ADP and EPI. Treatment of platelets with EOLO demonstrated a decrease in P-selectin expression as well as in ROS production. On the other hand, EOLO did not interfere with PT and aPTT. Regarding the evaluation of hepatoprotective activity, pretreatment with EOLO (50, 200 and 400 mg/kg) reversed the hepatic enzymatic alterations induced by APAP. In addition, MPO activity and hepatic ●NO production were increased. Histological sections show normal livers (without morphological alterations) in group I. Group II exhibited severe necrosis. Groups III-VI presented diffuse vacuolization, with less necrosis in the EOLO groups. EOLO included TBARS values and restored GSH concentrations. EOLO prevented neutrophil migration toward fMLP (10-6M). Neutrophil chemotaxis assay was performed using a microchemotaxis plate at concentrations of 1, 3, 10, 30 and 60 mg/mL of EOLO. The results demonstrated that EOLO has antiplatelet and hepatoprotective action. Furthermore, the findings suggest that such pharmacological effects possibly result from the antioxidant action of EOLO, since it was able to reduce the production of ROS in human platelets as well as protect against tissue oxidative stress induced by APAP, inhibiting the hepatic inflammatory process. Tipo: Tese 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/12465 Título: Soroprevalência para SARS-CoV-2 em alunos e profissionais de escolas do município de Campo Grande-MS, de outubro de 2021 a novembro de 2022 Abstract: Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions were temporarily closed in an attempt to contain the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2. With the reopening of schools, it became imperative to understand the role of students and school staff in this transmission process, based on evidence showing a reduction in virus transmission when social contact among school-aged children was minimized during influenza outbreaks. Objectives: To determine the distribution of anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among students and school staff in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, and to relate it to individual and professional characteristics. Methodology: A seroepidemiological survey was conducted in 20 public and private schools in the urban area of Campo Grande, using a lateral flow rapid test to detect IgM and IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, allowing the identification of asymptomatic cases or those with very mild clinical manifestations. Antibodies against this protein are associated only with natural infection by the virus. Testing was carried out in three periods: from October to December 2021, from March to July 2022, and from August to November 2022. Participants included students aged 6 to 17 years, enrolled in elementary to high school, and professionals of varying ages. This study was authorized by CEP-Fiocruz under protocol number 47905721.9.0000.8027. Results: During the first testing period, 162 participants tested positive for IgM and/or IgG anti-N-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, representing an estimated seroprevalence of 19.6% based on the Bayesian method. In the second and third periods, the numbers increased to 251 (34.6%) and 393 (56.7%), respectively. In 2022, there was a rise in the seroconversion rate compared to 2021, following a surge in cases associated with the Omicron variant. The most commonly reported acute symptoms across all three periods were fever, headache, sore throat, and runny nose. Regarding demographic characteristics, there was no significant difference in weighted seropositivity between sexes, although women accounted for approximately 70% of the study population. No significant differences were observed in seropositivity rates between education levels or professional activities. Conclusion: The results obtained allowed for an analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and the immunity developed by the studied school population. Additionally, they provided valuable information regarding COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Keywords: COVID-19, serological survey, antibodies, educational institutions, children. Tipo: Tese 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/12464 Título: ANÁLISE ESPECTROSCÓPICA (FTIR) DE CEPAS DE LEISHMANIA spp. PROVENIENTES DE CULTIVO AXÊNICO Abstract: Leishmaniases are neotropical vector-borne infectious-parasitic diseases. These diseases primarily affect underdeveloped regions and are considered neglected, with a high incidence in Brazil. The isolation of Leishmania spp. strains based on indirect parasitological diagnosis allows for the identification of the species involved in the clinical case. This contributes to the surveillance and epidemiological control of the parasitosis, as well as directing clinical management towards a more effective therapeutic approach. The taxonomic characterization of the parasite is typically performed through the use of isoenzyme electrophoresis or molecular methods. These techniques, however, are considered laborious and are typically executed in reference laboratories. The application of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), in conjunction with multivariate data analysis utilizing algorithms, has been instrumental in the identification of microorganisms. The analysis of their infrared spectra offers insights into the vibrational profile of their components. This innovative method is characterized by its ease of application and high reproducibility, resulting in substantial precision, specificity, sensitivity, and low false positive and true negative error rates. Tipo: Dissertação 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z